Uonuma Formation

Uonuma Formation (Omura, 1930) Yanagisawa et al., 1985

Invalid synonym: Uonuma Group

Uonuma Group had included following strata composed of volcanic rocks: Amamizuyama Formation, Kamigo Formation, Tomaru Formation, Higashinosawa Formation, Shikumigawa Formation, Kusso Formation, Mitsuyama Formation.

Type locality: Shibanomata river, Oguni town, Nagaoka city, Niigata prefecture
Coherent formation
early - middle Pleistocene (ca. 2.1 - 0.8 Ma; 1.3, 0.8 Ma, FT)
Contemporaneous heterotopic facies (partly): Haizume Formation, Nishiyama Formation
Interfingered (Lower): Suyoshi Formation, upper Higashigawa Formation
Correlation: Komanoma Formation, Ogawa Formation
Correlation (Middle): Saruhashi Formation, Maeko Member, Koikegawa Member, Sori Member
Correlation (Lower): Naradate Formation

Sedimentary facies: Shallow marine, Fluvial
Sedimentary facies: Repeats of shallow marine, bay and fluvial deposits
Sedimentary facies: Lower shoreface, Foreshore, Delta, Mudflat, Rivers
Sedimentary facies (Upper): Mudflat
Sedimentary facies (Middle): Seashore, Inner bay
Sedimentary facies (Lower): Meandering river, Braided river, Flood plain
Lithofacies (Upper): Mud, Sands, Silt
Lithofacies (Middle): Sands, Interbedded sands and mud
Lithofacies (Lower): Sands and gravels, Gravelly sands, Mud
Lithofacies (Minor): Tuff, Lignite
Sedimentary structures: Parallel stratification, Trough cross-stratification, Hummocky cross-stratification, Ripple cross-stratification

Thickness: ca. 250 - 3,000 m
Upper limit: Unconformity (Oyama Formation, Tazawa Formation, Otsubo Formation, Kaisaka Terrace Deposit, Ueno Colluvial Deposit, Masugatayama Lava, Nishi Formation, Noda Formation, Maekura Lavas and Pyroclastics, 2nd stage products)
Lower limit: Bottom of a thick marine sand bed
Lower limit: Interfingered (Higashigawa Formation), Conformity (Shitoka Formation, Minagawa Formation, Hachioji Formation), Conformity, partly unconformity (Haizume Formation), Unconformity (Shiiya Formation, Toyagamine Formation, Nishimyo Formation, Nishitajiri Formation, Furuto Formation, Ketto Formation, Mugurazawa Formation, Osawa Formation, Uwano Formation, Kiyotsu Formation)

Distribution: Shibanomata river, Oguni town, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Kamakurazawa river - Ichinosawa river, Minamiuonuma city, Niigata pref.; Higashiyama - Tsukanoyama - Yamakoshi - Takiya - Urase - Higashidani, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Wakino town - Nehara, Yoita town, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Mimitori town - Ikenouchi town - Sakae town - Horimizo river - Tai town, Mitsuke city, Niigata pref.; Furuto river, Shitada, Sanjo city, Niigata pref.; Uonuma city, Niigata pref.; Tagawa river - Kawaji river, Tokamachi city, Niigata pref.; Kiyotsu river - Kama river, Nishitajiri, Tokamachi city, Niigata pref.; Nita river, Nitaguchi, Tokamachi city, Niigata pref.; Nakatsu river, Ketto, Tsunan city, Nakauonuma county, Niigata pref.; Ishiuchi-Hanaoka ski field, Minamiuonuma city, Niigata pref.
Fossils: Mammalia (Mammuthus probomammonteus <= Palaeoloxodon naumanni, Palaeoloxodon namadicus yabei; Stegodon cf. akashiensis), Mystacoceti, Fishes (family Engraulidae?, Osteichthyes), Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), Crustacean, Foraminifera, Pipe rocks, Trace fossils (Rosselia isp.)
Fossils (Insects): Carabidae gen. et sp. indet, Donacia ozensis, Plateumaris gen. et sp. indet, Staphylinidae gen. et sp. indet
Fossils (Omma-Manganji fauna): Acar plicata, Acila divaricata vigilia, Acila insignis, Alvania? sp., Anadara amicula, Anadara amicula elongata, Anisocorbula venusta, Anodonta lauta, Anodontia stearnsiana, Anodontia tearnsiana, Anomia chinensis, Arca boucardi, Arcopsis interplicata, Astarte hakodatensis, Barnea dilatata, Callista (Ezocallista) brevisiphonata, Callista chinensis, Cardita leana, Chama sp., Chlamys daishakaensis, Chlamys (Leochlamys) tanassevitchi, Clementia vatheleti, Clinocardium fastosum, Corbicula japonica, Crassostrea gigas, Crenulilimopsis oblonga, Cristaria plicata spatiosa, Cycladicama cumingii, Cyclocardia ferruginea, Dinocardium angustum, Felaniella usta, Fulvia mutica, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) fulgurata, Glycymeris minochiensis, Glycymeris yessoensis, Hindsia? sp., Homalopoma amussitatum, Irus mitis, Kanekotrocus aff. infuscatus, Laternula limicola, Lucinoma actilineata, Lucinoma cf. annulatum, Macoma calcarea, Macoma incongrua, Macoma nipponica, Macoma tokyoensis, Megacardita ferruginosa, Megacrenella columbiana, Miodontiscus prolongatus nakamurai, Mitra sp., Mitrella? sp., Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis, Mizuhopecten yessoensis yessoensis, Mizuhopecten yessoensis yokoyamae, Modiolus modiolus difficilis, Myadora japonica, Mya truncata, Nassarius sp., Nuculana yokoyamai, Olivia mustelina, Panopea japonica, Paphia amabilis, Papyridae kurodai, Pecten albicans, Phacosoma japonicum, Pholadidea (Penifella) kamakurensis, Phyctiderma japonicum, Porterius dalli, Potamocorbula amurensis, Protothaca sp., Puncturella nobilis, Raetellops pulchella, Reticunassa? sp., Ringicula doaiaris, Saccella sematensis, Saxidomus purpurotus, Scapharca ommoensis, Scapharca subcrenata, Siphonodentalium sp., Solecurtus divaricatus, Solamen spectabilis, Solen (Ensisolen) krusensterni, Swiftopecten swiftii, Syrnola? sp., Theora fragilis, Trapezium liratum, Tresus keenoe, Trisidos kiyonoi, Turritella saishuensis, Umbonium akitanum, Yoldia (Cnesterium) notabilis
Fossils (Plants): Acer sp., Aesculus turbinata, Alnus japonica, Cornus controversa, Corylus heterophylla, Euryale ferox, Fagara ailanthoides, Fagus crenata, Fagus microcarpa, Glyptostrobus sp., Juglans cinerea var. megacinerea, Juglans mandshulica (Cones), Juglans sieboldiana, Magnolia kobus, Magnolia obovata, Melia azedarach, Metasequoia sp., Morus hombycis, Nelumbo nucifera (Fruits), Phellodendron amurense, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Quercus mongolica var. grasseserrata (Cones), Sapium sebiferum, Sapium sebiferum var. pleistoceaca, Smilax china, Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Tilia japonica, Tilia maximowicziana, Trapa macropoda (Fruits), Trapa mammilifera, Trapa cf. platycerata, Ulmus sp., Wisteria floribunda, Zanthoxylum piperitum
Fossils (Pollen): Acer pictum, Aesculus turbinata, Alnus japonica, Ampelopsis heterophylla, Betula sp., Camellia sp., Carex sp., Carpinus erosa, Carpinus japonica, Carpinus tschonoskii, Castanea pubinervis, Ceratophyllum demersum, Cinnamomum sp., Cornus controversa, Corylus heterophylla, Corylus sieboldiana, Euryale akasiensis, Euryale ferox, Fagara ailanthoides, Fagus crenata, Fagus microcarpa, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Hamamelis japonica, Ilex sp., Juglans cinerea var. megacinerea, Juglans mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis, Juglans sieboldiana, Magnolia kobus, Magnolia obovata, Melia azedarach var. japonica, Meliodendron nipponicum, Menyanthes trifoliata, Metasequoia sp., Najas sp., Nelumbo nucifera, Nuphar japonicum, Paliurus nipponicus, Phellodendoron amurense, Phragmites communis, Picea sp., Polygonum maackianum, Potamogeton distinctus, Prnus sp., Pterocarya paliurus, Pterocayra rhoifolia, Quercus crispula, Quercus serrata, Rosaceae gen. et sp. indet, Salix sp., Sequoia sp., Sapium sebiferum var. pleistoceaca, Sasa sp., Scirpus maritimus, Scirpus mucronatus, Sparganium stoloniferum, Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Styrax rugasa, Symplocos crataegoides, Taxus cuspidata, Tilia maximowicziana, Torreya nucifera, Trapa incisa, Trapalla antennifera, Trapalla sinensis, Trapa mammillifera, Vitis thunbergii, Wistaria sp., Zanthoxylum piperitum,
Fossils (Foraminifera): Ammonia japonica, Bolivina sp., Buccella frigida, Buccella frigida carida, Cibicides cf. refulgens, Cibicides ungerianus, Cribrononion calvatum, Discopulvinulina cf. brady, Elphidium advenum, Elphidium crispum, Elphidium jenseni, Florilus manpukujiense, Hanzawaia nipponica
Fossils (Diatoms): Actinoptychus undulatus, Cocconeis placentula, Coscinodiscus curoatulus, Coscinodiscus mariginatus, Cyclotella stylorum, Cymbeala tumida, Cymbella cuspidata, Cymbella lanceolata, Cymbella turgidula, Cymbella ventricosa, Diploneis ovalis, Diploneis smithii, Eunotia pectinalis var. pectinalis, Eunotia pectinaris var. ventralis, Gomphonema angustatum, Gomphonema intricatum, Gomphonema olivaceum, Grammatophora oceanica, Gyrosigma acuminatum, Gyrosigma distortum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Melosira granulata, Melosira sulcata, Navicula americana, Navicula cryptocephala, Navicula cf. lanceolata, Navicula marina, Nitzschia granulata, Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia punctata, , Pinnularia dactylus, Pinnularia gibba, Rhophaloidia gibberula, Stauroneis phoenicenteron, Stephanodiscus astraea, Surirella sp., Synedra ulna, Thalassionema decipiens, Thalassionema nitzschioides
Tephra: Ys, SK020, Kz, Ab I, Ab II, SK030, Srt-SK100, Ksg, Hmp, Om-SK110, Htg, Yt, SK120, Hkp, SK050, Usp, SK130, Irg, Tzc, My-TB, Tr-TB, Hop, Mgp, Kog, Ks, OK I, OK II, OM1-OK III, Se, RW, Kk, Tg, Ka, Mo, Ns, Sarukura-gomashio, Kap, Kag, Inp, Ka-TB, Tt-TB, Hi-TB, Ar-TB, Vp, Tokaishoku volcanic ash, Zasshoku Pumice and Lapilli, Tokaishoku volcanic ash zone, Hakushoku Pumice, Ry, Highquartz Pumice, Ps, LA

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