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Kiyokawa Formation (Ueda, 1930) Tokuhashi and Endo, 1984

Invalid synonym: lower Kamiiwahashi Formation, Kasagami Formation, Kiyokawa Member

• Type locality: Otorii, Sodegaura city ,Chiba prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Paleo-Tokyo bay fill deposit
• A cycle of marine transgression - marine regression
• Pleistocene (MIS 7.4 - 7.3)

• Sedimentary facies (Upper): Shallow marine
• Sedimentary facies (Lower): Fluvial
• Sedimentary facies: Storm-dominated beach - shoreface
• Sedimentary facies (East, Upper): Salt marsh, Bay
• Sedimentary facies (East, Lower): Flood plain
• Sedimentary facies (Southeast): Tidal channel
• Sedimentary facies (South): Fluvial
• Sedimentary facies (West): Fluvial channel, Flood plain
• Lithofacies (East, Upper): Sandy mud, Muddy sands
• Lithofacies (East, Lower): Sand, Mud
• Lithofacies (West): Sands, Gravels, Mud
• Sedimentary structures: Upward fining, Hummocky cross-stratification, Trough cross-stratification, Parallel stratification, Swaley cross-stratification
• Sedimentary structures (Southeast): Herringbone cross-stratification
• Sedimentary structures (South): Hummocky cross-stratification, Trough cross-stratification, Planar cross-stratification

• Thickness: 9 - 38 m
• Thickness (Upper): 13 - 20 m
• Thickness (Lower): 8 - 15 m
• Upper limit: Conformity (Yokota Formation), Unconformily (Kioroshi Formation, Joso Formation)
• Lower limit: Conformity or Unconformity (Kamiizumi Formation)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Southern Inashiki terrace, Kashima terrace, Namegata terrace, Higashi-Ibaraki terrace, Ibaraki pref.
• Distribution: Otorii, Sodegaura city ,Chiba pref.; Anegasaki, Ichihara city, Ibaraki pref.; Kenjaku - Kasagami, Ibaraki city, Higashiibaraki county, Ibaraki pref.; Onuki village, Oarai city, Higashiibaraki county, Ibaraki pref.; Kamihataki, Hokota city, Ibaraki pref.
• Fossils (Upper, Trace fossils): Macaronichnus segregates
• Fossils (Upper, Shellfishes): Anadara granosa bisenensis, Batillaria zonalis, Callista chinensis, Dosinia japonica, Erodona amuransis, Glycymeris yassoensis, Gomphina melanaegis, Gomphina neastartoides, Mactra sulcataria, Neverita didyma, Spisula sachalinensis, Sunetta menstrualis, Tapes variegata var., Umbonium costatum
• Fossils (East, Upper): Shellfishes
• Fossils (East, Lower): Plant roots
• Fossils (West, Diaotoms): Cyclotella striata, Diadesmis spp., Eunotia spp., Fragilaria brevistriata, Hantzschia amphioxys, Luticola spp., Melosira nummuloides, Navicula contenta, Nitzschia fonticola, Nitzschia levidensis var. victoriae, Rhopalodia gibberula
• Fossils (West, Pollen): Alnus sp., Cryptomeria sp., Cupressaceae, Hemiptelea sp., Quercus sp.
• Fossils (Kisarazu city, Shellfishes): Glossaulax didyma, Glycymeris yessoensis, Mactra chinensis, Pseudocardium sachalinense, Umbonium costatum
• Fossils (Kimitsu city, Diatoms): Actinocyclus ingens, Biddulphia spp., Coscinodiscus marginatus, Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis, Cyclotella stylorum, Cymbella aspera, Cymbella turgidula, Grammatophora macilenta, Melosira granulata, Melosira sulcata, Nitzschia granulata, Pinnularia viridis, Rhopalodia gibba, Synedra ulna, Thalassiosira spp.
• Tephra: In-Ny, MoP (Mooka Pumice Bed), Ky1, Ky2, Ky3, Ky3.5, Ky4

• Sakata et al. (2018) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.124, no.5, pp.331-346 DOI
• Naya and Yasuhara (2014) Geology of the Konosu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 82p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Ooi et al. (2013) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.119, no.7, pp.488-505 DOI
• Ooi and Yokoyama (2011) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.117, Supplement, pp.103-120 DOI
• Nakazawa and Tanabe (2011) Geology of the Noda District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 72p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Nakazawa et al. (2009) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.115, no.2, pp.49-63 DOI
• Nakajima and Watanabe (2005) Geology of the Futtsu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 102p. (in Japanese with English abstract 8p.)
• Komatsubara et al. (2004) Geology of the Kisarazu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 64p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Tokuhashi and Endo (1984) Geology of the Anesaki District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 136p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
• Sakamoto et al. (1981) Geology of the Ishioka District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 50p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)